Atlanto Axial Instability (AAI) / Down Syndrome
AAI is the instability, sublaxation or dislocation of the joint between the first and second cervical vertebrae. This is a potentially life-threatening condition common to Down Syndrome. Specific X-rays may be needed to rule out this instability before riding is permitted. Groups or physicians should not rely on X-rays taken before the age of 3 years (even up to 5 years) as the area involved has not ossified at this early age. Films obtained just prior to riding are advisable. RDA Australia recommends that all riders with Down Syndrome be examined by a physician who is briefed on the nature of AAI before completing the RDA Medical Practitioner Consent Form.
Pre-cautions for participants with Down Syndrome
Excessive head and neck movement during riding could cause repeated small injuries to the cervical spine. This in turn could lead to increased instability of the head and neck and pressure symptoms could occur. If a rider were to fall from a horse, which can occur even though all precautions are taken, and AAI is present, severe damage to the spinal cord or death could occur. All riders with Down Syndrome are strongly recommended to have a full assessment before commencing riding. If riding is approved by a physician, parents/riders must report any neurological symptoms if they occur e.g. headaches, dizziness, nausea in motion, blurry eyes, loss of head control, loss of hand control, change of gait, bladder or bowel function and these should be investigated by your Medical Practitioner before riding continues. RDA Coaches will monitor the amount of head movement and neck stability during riding and will adapt activities until muscles develop to appropriately support the head and neck.